Hormonal Drugs Exam 1 Practice

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Calcitonin's therapeutic action in bone and calcium disorders includes which of the following?
• When adjusting levothyroxine therapy, how often should TSH and free T4 be rechecked until euthyroid?
• What are notable adverse events associated with Romosozumab?
• What is the standard replacement therapy for primary adrenal insufficiency?
• Which drug is described as an abortifacient and a progesterone receptor antagonist?
• Pergonal is commonly used in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administered intravenously.
• How does growth hormone (somatropin) therapy help in GH deficiency and what is a major safety concern?
• Which patient scenario would raise concern for euglycemic ketoacidosis when using SGLT2 inhibitors?
• Which metabolic step is associated with Ethinyl estradiol in the material?
• GnRH agonists in IVF cycles typically cause an initial effect before suppression. What is this initial effect commonly called?
• Ethinyl estradiol is classified as which type of estrogen?
• Which birth control progestin is described as a racemic mixture?
• Alendronate is marketed under which brand name?
• Name two major adverse effects of chronic systemic glucocorticoid therapy.
• Which drug class is commonly used first-line in a thyroid storm and what are the accompanying treatments?
• Norelgestromin (Ortho-Evra, Xulane, Zafemy, Twirla) is an oxime prodrug of which compound and is administered as what?
• What is the role of calcitriol in calcium homeostasis and in which conditions is it used?
• What is the mechanism and use of calcitonin?
• What is teriparatide and when is it indicated?
• Romosozumab is classified as which type of therapeutic agent?
• Which statement about the effect of estrogen therapy on thyroid-binding globulin is true?
• Unopposed estrogen therapy would be indicated for which of the following patients?
• GLP-1 receptor agonists primarily work by which mechanism?
• What is the MOA and clinical use of ketoconazole in hormonal disorders?
• Which category of drugs accelerates the metabolism of levothyroxine, reducing its effectiveness?
• Estrogens in hormonal contraception contribute to cycle suppression by which mechanism?
• Which statement best describes calcitriol's effect on calcium?
• A notable adverse risk of SGLT2 inhibitors is which of the following?
• Which statement describes Denosumab's common side effects?
• DPP-4 inhibitors are best described as which drug class?
• Which agent may be used in combination with misoprostol to enhance efficacy for emergency contraception?
• Carboprost tromethamine is primarily used as an abortifacient with which characteristics?
• Norgestimate is best described as which of the following?
• What is mifepristone's role in managing Cushing's syndrome with hyperglycemia?
• Outline the management steps for an acute adrenal crisis.
• What is the mechanism and primary use of metyrapone in Cushing’s syndrome?
• Which insulin type has onset approximately 10-15 minutes, peak 1-2 hours, and duration 3-5 hours?
• What are common androgen replacement therapies and a key adverse effect to monitor?
• A major adverse effect of vitamin D therapy is which of the following?
• Ketoconazole inhibits cortisol synthesis by targeting which enzyme?
• Which insulin type is best for postprandial glucose control?
• Teriparatide is a natural parathyroid hormone used for which conditions?
• Which adverse effect is commonly associated with aromatase inhibitors?
• Dopamine agonists used to treat hyperprolactinemia reduce prolactin secretion by stimulating which receptors?
• Teriparatide adverse effects include which of the following?
• What is the mechanism by which clomiphene induces ovulation?
• Which adverse effect is a key concern to monitor with testosterone replacement therapy?
• Risedronate is marketed under which brand name?
• Calcitonin is best described as which of the following?
• Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor; what are its clinical uses?
• Which statement best describes Norgestimate’s pharmacologic profile?
• What is metyrapone used for in endocrinology and which enzyme does it inhibit?
• How should hydrocortisone be dosed to mimic physiological cortisol rhythm?
• Brand name for Alendronate?
• Norethindrone (Camilla) belongs to which drug class?
• Etonogestrel (Implanon, Nexplanon, NuvaRing, EluRyn, Haloette) is used for birth control and is combined with ethinyl estradiol for vaginal contraception. True or which choice?
• Pamidronate is marketed under which brand name?
• Common side effects of dopamine agonists used for hyperprolactinemia include which of the following?
• Sulfonylureas lower blood glucose by closing pancreatic beta-cell KATP channels, leading to increased insulin release. Which risk is most notable?
• Why is estrogen-containing contraception generally avoided in migraine with aura?
• During periods of illness or stress, how should hydrocortisone dosing be adjusted?
• GnRH agonists in IVF cycles are used to accomplish which effect?
• Which agent hydroxyprogesterone caproate is administered intramuscularly for these indications?
• Gonal-F and related products are produced by recombinant DNA technology and are administered by which route?
• Which mechanism describes SGLT2 inhibitors' glucose-lowering action and its additional benefits?
• Which gonadotropins are used to induce ovulation and what are their roles?
• Which regimen minimizes esophagitis risk with alendronate?
• What are the key interactions between estrogens and warfarin?
• Which monitoring is essential when starting desmopressin therapy?
• Which steroid synthesis inhibitor is more commonly associated with hepatotoxicity requiring monitoring of liver enzymes?
• Which drug is an aldosterone receptor antagonist with antiandrogen effects and may cause hyperkalemia and menstrual irregularities?
• In thyrotoxicosis, what additional role does propranolol play besides heart rate control?
• Which statement about Gonal-F (Follitropin alfa) is true?
• Which statement is explicitly listed as a contraindication to menopausal hormone therapy with estrogen?
• What is the mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors and a key risk?
• Lugol's iodine is used in thyroid disease for which purpose and what is its mechanism and limitation?
• Which class of drugs is first-line in hyperprolactinemia and by what mechanism do they work?
• Calcitriol is used to treat hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism; what is its effect on calcium?
• Which statement about Follistim Beta is correct?
• Which drug is preferred in the first trimester of pregnancy due to teratogenic risk with methimazole?
• How does Follistim Beta differ from Follitropin Alfa?
• Megace (Megestrol acetate) is used for which of the following?
• Progesterone (Progestin) is used to treat which of the following indications as per the material?
• What is the mechanism and use of anastrozole in breast cancer?
• Denosumab is classified as which type of therapeutic agent?
• Pergonal (menotropin) is best described as which hormonal preparation?
• What is metyrapone and when is it used?
• Prometrium has which handling property?
• What is the primary contraindication for using radioactive iodine therapy in hyperthyroidism?
• Which statement best describes the relative specificity of finasteride and dutasteride for 5α-reductase isozymes?
• Which outcome is a risk due to decreased bone mineral density associated with aromatase inhibitors?
• What is the mechanism of methimazole and what is a major rare but serious adverse effect?
• A patient starting estrogen therapy for contraception begins levothyroxine; what adjustment might be needed?
• Rank the relative hormonal strength of steroidal estrogens from strongest to weakest.
• Teriparatide is approved for how many years of therapy?
• Which drug binds to sclerostin?
• Calcitriol is used in several conditions due to its effect on calcium and phosphate absorption. Which condition is it used to treat?
• Name two major risks associated with estrogen-containing therapies (HRT/OC).
• How do teriparatide differ from denosumab in osteoporosis therapy?
• Propylthiouracil (PTU) has an additional mechanism beyond inhibiting thyroid peroxidase. Which is it?
• Cetrotide is classified as what type of agent and what is its clinical use?
• Which drug targets RANKL?
• Which insulin type has onset about 1-2 hours and lasts roughly 24 hours?
• How do combined oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy in terms of hormonal actions?
• In long-term glucocorticoid therapy, what is a standard strategy to prevent adrenal suppression during tapering?
• Calcitonin can be administered via which routes?
• Misoprostol is listed with emergency contraception as a use. Which statement best describes its placement here?
• Luveris (lutropin alfa) is what type of hormone and for what indication is it used?
• Ketoconazole can inhibit adrenal steroid synthesis and which enzymes does it affect?
• Progestin-only pills work primarily by which mechanism and what dosing requirement?
• In secondary adrenal insufficiency, which hormone level is typically preserved?
• Raloxifene is indicated for the treatment of which condition?
• How does denosumab work to protect bone health?
• Which drug is a benzothiophene SERM?
• Which pharmacologic option is used to decrease PTH secretion in hyperparathyroidism?
• Name two drugs used to treat Cushing's syndrome that inhibit steroid synthesis and briefly describe their MOA.
• What is a major contraindication for estrogen-containing contraception due to cardiovascular risk?
• Abaloparatide Tymlos is best described as which type of drug?
• How does propylthiouracil differ from methimazole regarding mechanism and pregnancy safety?
• Mifepristone is best described as which type of agent?
• Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to estradiol?
• Which indications are correct for gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists such as goserelin and leuprolide?
• Which laboratory parameter is used to monitor and adjust levothyroxine dosage after transitioning from desiccated thyroid?
• Which statement about aromatase inhibitors is true?
• Which adverse effect is specifically associated with 17α-alkylated testosterone formulations and requires monitoring?
• In fertility treatment, which statement is true?
• Which of the following is not a bisphosphonate?
• Dienestrol is described with which route of administration in the material?
• What is the mechanism of action of levothyroxine and how should therapy be monitored?
• Which statement best describes the tissue-selectivity and cancer risk differences between tamoxifen and raloxifene?
• Bravelle (urofollitropin) is categorized as which type of follicle-stimulating hormone preparation?
• What is the pharmacologic name for growth hormone used to treat GH deficiency?
• What are the major risks of gonadotropin therapy in infertility (FSH/LH or hMG) and what precaution is essential?
• Which progestin is noted to have antimineralocorticoid activity due to its lactone ring?
• Calcitonin is administered by which routes?
• Metyrapone inhibits cortisol synthesis by blocking which enzyme?
• Ethynodiol diacetate is a prodrug of which active progestin?
• Norgestrel/Levonorgestrel (Twirla, Mirena, Kyleena, Skyla) are which class?
• Ibandronate is marketed under which brand name?
• Ethinyl estradiol administration is listed as which route?
• What is the primary action of aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole?
• Why do thionamides inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis and what is their typical time to see effect?
• Which drug is used for mineralocorticoid replacement in Addison's disease and what is its primary action?
• Pegvisomant is used in the treatment of acromegaly. What is its mechanism of action?
• Primary risks associated with estrogen-containing oral contraceptives include which?
• DPP-4 inhibitors manage diabetes by which action?
• GLP-1 receptor agonists NOT characteristics: which option is NOT typical?
• Equilin sodium sulfate is derived from which source?
• During gonadotropin stimulation for infertility treatment, which monitoring approach is essential to guide cycle management?
• Which of the following is a common drug interaction that can reduce the effectiveness of estrogen-containing contraception?
• Tiludronate is marketed under which brand name?
• Drospirenone is best characterized by which property?
• Which agent that acts as a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist and anti-progestin is used for medical abortion and sometimes for Cushing's syndrome with hyperglycemia?
• What are the goals and key considerations in hydrocortisone replacement for primary adrenal insufficiency?
• What is desmopressin used for and how does it work?
• In preventive contraception, what are two common drug interactions that can reduce estrogen effectiveness?
• In the treatment of thyroid storm, when should inorganic iodine be given relative to thionamides?
• What are the primary mechanisms by which progestins exert contraceptive effects?
• What are the clinical uses of tamoxifen and raloxifene, and a key risk for SERMs?
• GnRH antagonists in IVF differ from agonists by which mechanism?
• What is the role of fludrocortisone in adrenal insufficiency, and what monitoring is required?
• Norethindrone is primarily used as birth control in which regimen?
• Which agent is commonly associated with agranulocytosis as a major adverse effect?
• Which statement about metformin is most accurate?
• Denosumab is indicated for which condition?
• Ethynodiol diacetate is a prodrug of norethindrone.
• Which statement about metformin's mechanism is most accurate?
• What is the mechanism of action of Raloxifene?
• Which sign is a classic indicator used in testing for hyperthyroidism?
• Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is used for contraception by which mechanism?
• In a gonadotropin-induced ovulation protocol, what are the roles of FSH and hCG?
• Clomiphene citrate is best described as which of the following?
• Estradiol is a steroidal estrogen used for menopausal disorders. Which routes are appropriate for administration?
• Which medication is primarily used for estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer?
• Goserelin and leuprolide belong to which drug class?
• Describe the impact of estrogen therapy on thyroid binding globulin (TBG) and thyroid function tests.
• What is the rationale for bone-protective strategies in long-term high-dose corticosteroid therapy?
• What is the initial management for sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia?
• Describe the mechanism of mifepristone and its uses.
• Levothyroxine dose adjustments during estrogen therapy should aim to:
• Why are dopamine agonists considered first-line therapy for prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors?
• What are adverse hepatic concerns with flutamide, and when is it used?
• List common signs of thyroid storm and the initial hospital management steps.
• Why are aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole commonly used in postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer rather than in premenopausal women?
• What is the role of radioactive iodine in differentiated thyroid cancer management?
• What is cinacalcet and its clinical use?
• What is the mechanism of action of Denosumab?
• What is the mechanism of action of Romosozumab?
• What is the mechanism of metformin and its major contraindication?
• Explain the difference between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency.
• What is the mechanism by which sulfonylureas cause hypoglycemia and how should it be treated?
• What is the role of dopamine agonists in stopping lactation postpartum?
• Tiludronate is marketed under which brand name?
• Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is categorized as which type of estrogen?
• Which statement accurately contrasts PTU and methimazole in MOA and clinical use, including teratogenic risk?
• What are common contraindications for combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives?
• Equilenin sodium sulfate is best described as which type?
• Which statement about DES is true according to the material?
• Which statement about desmopressin formulations is correct?
• Which class does Desogestrel belong to?
• Which agent is a progesterone derivative administered orally and is light sensitive, used for dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, and amenorrhea?
• Which statement differentiates GLP-1 receptor agonists from DPP-4 inhibitors?
• Differentiate finasteride and dutasteride mechanisms and clinical uses.
• What is the mechanism of methimazole in hyperthyroidism and what is a major adverse effect to monitor?
• Estradiol is classified as which type of estrogen, and what is a common indication?
• Bisphosphonates exert their primary effect by which mechanism?
• Which drug is sold under the brand name Zometa?
• Trimegestone is a miscellaneous progestin used for which indication?
• Dopamine agonists used in hyperprolactinemia exert their effect by stimulating which receptor?
• Metyrapone inhibits 11β-hydroxylase to decrease production of which hormone?
• Which of the following is a relative contraindication for combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives?
• What is the mechanism and clinical use of teriparatide?
• Raloxifene belongs to which class?
• Which of the following is NOT an indication for bisphosphonates?
• How should a patient transition from desiccated thyroid to levothyroxine therapy?
• The Wolff-Chaikoff effect relates to iodide exposure. Which statement is correct?
• Starting estrogen therapy increases thyroxine-binding globulin; which is the correct description of this effect?
• Romosozumab is indicated for which condition?
• Describe the mechanism and risks of spironolactone as an antiandrogen.
• Provera (Medroxyprogesterone acetate) is indicated for which conditions and can be given PO and IM?
• Equilin sodium sulfate is derived from which source?
• In primary adrenal insufficiency, which drug provides glucocorticoid replacement?
• Dinoprostone is administered for second-trimester abortion by which route?
• Which insulin is categorized as ultra-long-acting?
• In long-term corticosteroid therapy, what strategies are recommended to protect bone health?
• Which MOA matches the description 'antagonist in breast and uterus, agonist in bone'?
• GnRH antagonists regulate gonadotropin release by doing what?
• Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D. In which conditions is it used?
• Long-term use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is associated with which adverse effect?
• Desogen (Desogestrel) is a birth control agent that is a prodrug of etonogestrel and administered how?
• Which route is commonly used for testosterone replacement therapy?
• What is a primary clinical advantage of GnRH antagonists over agonists in IVF?
• Progesterone is secreted from which structure?
• Which insulin has onset of approximately 10–30 minutes and is considered rapid-acting?
• Which statement best describes the mechanism difference between GnRH agonists and GnRH antagonists?
• Ulipristal acetate is used as emergency contraception and acts as what?
• Equilenin sodium sulfate is indicated for which condition?
• What is the rationale for using desmopressin in central diabetes insipidus?
• What is the mechanism of action of levothyroxine in hypothyroidism?
• Progesterone belongs to which class?